Background Indicators

MISSING DIMENSIONS OF POVERTY DATA Background Information on the Indicators and Survey Modules

Background Knowledge and Translation Ability

Implicit Interest Indicators Implicit Interest Indicators

Recommender systems provide personalized suggestions about items that users will nd interesting. Typically, recom-mender systems require a user interface that can \intelli-gently" determine the interest of a user and use this information to make suggestions. The common solution, \ex-plicit ratings", where users tell the system what they think about a piece of information, is well-understood and...

Research output indicators are not productivity indicators

Background radiation, people and the environment

All living organisms are exposed to ionizing radiation comprising cosmic rays coming from outer space, terrestrial nuclides occurring in the earth’s crust, building materials, air, water and foods and in the human body itself. The exposures are constant and uniform for all individuals everywhere including the dose from ingestion of 40K in food. Cosmic rays are, more intense at higher alt...